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Biomarkers for non‐invasive diagnosis of endometriosis
„A biomarker is a defined characteristic that is measured as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or a response to an exposure or intervention.“
(FDA‐NIH Biomarker Working Group 2016)
Non‐invasive biomarkers for diagnosis of endometriosis are needed as:  replacement test for diagnostic surgery,
 a triage test to select patients who need surgery.
 Blood biomarkers
 Urine biomarkers
 Endometrial biomarkers?
Cochrane Systematic Reviews: Nisenblat et al. 2016; Liu et al. 2015, Gupta et al. 2016 5
Different approaches in biomarker discovery
Hypothesis based approach
Studies of individual biomolecules associated with pathophysiological processes (proliferation, cell adhesion, invasion, angiogenesis, inflammation, etc.).
Only panels of biomarkers will reach sufficient sensitivity and specificty.
Hypothesis generating approach
Global (omics) studies investigating large numbers of biomolecules (new biomarkers, new knowledge about pathophysiology).
May et al. 2010, Rizner 2014
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