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Oxidative stress: Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
 Antioxidants in seminal plasma protect spermatozoa against ROS
 Glutathione peroxidase 5 is an epididymal luminal scavenger, for optimal H2O2 concentration in epididymal fluid. Its deficiency results in DNA damage in the sperm nucleus in mice
 In 25%‐40% of infertile men high ROS levels have been detected in their semen.
Champroux et al. (2016) Basic and Clinical Andrology (2016) 26:17
Spermatozoa are susceptible to oxidative damage
• Cytoplasm has low levels of antioxidants
• High content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in
plasma membrane are easily be oxidized
Lipid peroxidation
Loss of membrane fluidity/ integrity
 motility
H2O2, O2, OH
DNA damage
• 15%genomeremained histone rich
 acrosome reaction
Alvarez & Storey (1995) Mol Reprod Dev 42 34–46.
de Lamirande & Gagnon (1995) Hum Reprod 10(Suppl 1):15–21.
 oocyte fusion
Jager (1990) Arch Androl. 1990;25(3):253‐9
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