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Biomarker terminology – sensitivity and specificity
Nisenblat V et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Feb 26;2:CD009591
- High sensitivity: a low number of individuals have a negative test and do have the disease. (= low number of false-negative results).
- High sensitivity tests act to rule conditions out (SnOUT). A negative result from a test with high sensitivity will exclude the disease with high certainty independent of the specificity.
- High specificity: a low number of individuals have a positive test but do not have the disease (= low false-positive results)
- High specificity tests act to rule conditions ’in’ (SpIN). A positive result for a highly specific triage test indicates a high likelihood of having endometriosis. (= avoidance of missed diagnosis)
Non-invasive biomarkers | Prof. Dr. Martin Götte
The diagnostic gold standard - laparoscopy
–Laparoscopically proven disease has been diagnosed in more than 50% women with a clinically normal pelvic examination (Eskenazi et al. 2001)
– Disadvantages of laparoscopic surgery include high cost, the need for general anaesthesia and the potential for adhesion formation post procedure (Chapron et al. 2003)
–The diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopy compared with histological confirmation of endometriosis has been estimated as having a 94% sensitivity and 79% specificity (Wykes et al. 2004).
Karl Stortz
Non-invasive biomarkers | Prof. Dr. Martin Götte
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