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CHEMICAL FACTORS
O2 concentration in human IVF Labs; 20%, 5 % or other??
• O2 is in the unique position that affect embryo function and fetal development
• Physiological concentrations of O2 within the female tract are around 5% (Fisher&Bavister
1993) whereas atmospheric O2 is around 20-21%
• Studies on several mammalian species had shown negative effects of 20% on preimplantation embryo by;
Changes to the transcriptome (Gardner&Lane 2005,Rinaudo 2006) Alterations to the proteome (Katz-Jaffe 2005)
Compromising both carbohydrate and AA metabolism (Wale&Gardner 2012) Interfering with homeostatis (Wale & Gardner 2013)
Differentially affecting male and female embryos (Gardner &Kelley 2013) Impacting the epigenome(Li 2014)
Premature X-chromosome inactivation ( Lengner 2010)
• Exposure of embryos to 20%O2 predisposes them to greater susceptibility to other stressors in the IVF lab; ammonium accumulation in the surrounding medium(Wale&Gardner 2013), individual culture (Kelley & Gardner 2015)
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