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Sources of bias
Selection Performance Detection Attrition Reporting
Target population Allocation
Intervention group
Outcome assessment
Control group
Outcome assessment
Incomplete outcome data
5. Incomplete outcome data
Caused by
• Attrition - loss to follow up, withdrawals, other missing data
• Exclusions – some available data not included in report
No hard and fast rules on % missing and subsequent bias as need to consider reasons and clinical context
Publication of study outcomes
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PRECONGRESS COURSE 17 I VIENNA, AUSTRIA – 23 JUNE 2019 57
