Page 31 - ESHRE2019
P. 31
Understanding Sperm DNA Damage
single-strand break
damaged base
mis-match
double-strand break
intra-strand crosslink
inter-strand crosslink
Esteves et al Int Urol Nephrol 2014; Gosálvez et al J Reprod Biotech Fertil 2015 Esteves, 9
Sperm DNA Damage - Biological Mechanisms
1. Protamination failure
Deficient replacement of histones to protamines during spermiogenesis
Fernández et al. 2009; Alvarez and Sakkas 2010; Agarwal et al. 2013
Esteves, 10
2. Oxidative stress
Epididymis transit Post-ejaculation
leukocytes, immature sperm, low levels semen antioxidants
3. Apoptosis
During sperm maturation (testis & epididymis)
25
PRECONGRESS COURSE 01 I VIENNA, AUSTRIA – 23 JUNE 2019 29
