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Premise #2
SDF is lower in testicular than ejaculated sperm of non-
azoospermic infertile men with high SDF in neat semen
Esteves, 21
Evidence level 2b
172 Infertile men with oligozoospermia (5-15 M/mL) and persistent high SDF (DFI>30%) after oral antioxidants
ICSI with ejaculated ICSI with testicular sperm (N=91) sperm (N=81)
Esteves et al., Fertil Steril 2015
Esteves, 22
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