Page 14 - PRECONGRESS COURSE 01

Causes of male subfertility (from EAU Guidelines 2015)
Diagnosis
All
Infertility of known (possible) cause
Maldescended testes
Varicocele
Sperm autoantibodies
Testicular tumour
Others
Idiopathic infertility
Hypogonadism
Klinefelter’s syndrome (47, XXY)
XX male
Primary hypogonadism of unknown cause
Secondary (hypogonadotropic) hypogonadism
Kallmann syndrome
Idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
Residual after pituitary surgery
Others
Late-onset hypogonadism
Constitutional delay of puberty
General/systemic disease
Cryopreservation due to malignant disease
Testicular tumour
Lymphoma
Leukaemia
Sarcoma
Disturbance of erection/ejaculation
Obstruction
Vasectomy
Cystic fibrosis (CBAVD)
Lund University / Faculty / Department / Unit / Document / Date Others 0.8
Unselected patients (n = 12,945)
100%
42.6%
8.4
14.8
3.9
1.2
5.0
30.0
10.1
2.6
0.1
2.3
1.6
0.3
0.4
<0.1
0.8
2.2
1.4
2.2
7.8
5.0
1.5
0.7
0.6
2.4
2.2
0.9
0.5
Azoospermic patients (n = 1,446)
11.2%
42.6%
17.2
10.9
-
2.8
1.2
13.3
16.4
13.7
0.6
0.8
1.9
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.8
-
-
0.5
12.5
4.3
4.6
2.2
0.9
-
10.3
5.3
3.1
1.9
Principal mechanisms behind impaired semen quality
Lund University / Faculty / Department / Unit / Document / Date
Pre-testicular
- hypothalamic/pituitary - congenital/acquired
Testicular
- congenital/acquired
- idiopathic/known
- genetics/environment/lifestyle/infection/iatrogenic
Post-testicular
- congenital/acquired - genetic/infectious/
inflammatory/ neurogenic
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