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Authorship
• An «author» is generally considered to be an individual who has made a significant intellectual contribution to the study
• Substantial contribution to
• conception and design of the study
• acquisition,analysisandinterpretationofdata
• draftingandrevisingthearticleforintellectualcontent • approvaloffinalversion
• The order of authorship should be a joint decision of the co‐authors
• Authors should be prepared to explain the order in which authors are listed
• ICMJE
Authorship – form of misconduct
• Ghost author
• Contribute substantially, but are not acknowledged
• Often paid by commercial sponsors • Guest author
• No real contribution.. just the name to increase chances of publication
• Gift author
• Contribution based of a tenuous affiliation with the study (or authors)
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