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3. Immune response during pregnancy
Finally, maternal autoimmune disease are influenced by gestation in unpredictable manner, possibly indicating that they are different pathological entities. I hope this presentation offered ground for casting doubts on certainties we have been carrying along for too long.
References
1. Meuleman T et al. Oral sex is associated with reduced incidence of recurrent miscarriage. J Reprod Immunol. Volume 133, June 2019: 1‐6.
2. Morelli SS, Goldsmith LT et al. The maternal immune system during pregnancy and its influence on fetal development, Research and Reports in Biology, 2015; 6: 171‐189.
3. Simon AK, Hollander GA, Mc Michael A. Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age. Proc Biol Sci. 2015; 22:282 (1821): 20143085.
4. Lamont RF, Sobel J, Mazaki‐Tovi S et al. Listeriosis in human pregnancy: a systematic review. J Perrinat Med 2011; 39 (3) : 227‐236
5. Mor G, Cardenas I. The immune system in pregnancy: a unique complexity. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63 (6): 425‐433.
6. Abrahams VM, Kim YM, Straszewski SL, Romero R, Mor G. Macrophages and apoptotic cell clearance during pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2004;51:275–282
7. Wegmann T. Fetal protection against abortion: is it immunosupression or immunostimulation? Ann Immunol. 1984;135D:309.
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