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Changing Viral Epidemiology: big data & crowdsourcing
• Aninfluenzatrackingmodel,ARGO(AutoRegressionwithGooglesearchdata), that uses publicly available online search data. ARGO not only incorporates the seasonality in influenza epidemics but also captures changes in people’s online search behaviour over time. It is also flexible, self‐correcting, robust, and scalable, making it a potentially powerful tool that can be used for realtime tracking of other social events at multiple temporal and spatial resolutions.
• Yang S, Santillana M, Kou SC. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Nov 24;112(47):14473‐8.
• Nextstrainconsistsofadatabaseofviralgenomes,abioinformaticspipelinefor phylodynamics analysis, and an interactive visualization platform. Together these present a real‐time view into the evolution and spread of a range of viral pathogens of high public health importance.
• James Hadfield, Colin Megill, Sidney M Bell, John Huddleston, Barney Potter, Charlton Callender, Pavel Sagulenko, Trevor Bedford, Richard A Neher, Nextstrain: real‐time tracking of pathogen evolution, Bioinformatics, Volume 34, Issue 23, 01 December 2018, Pages 4121– 4123,
Changing Viral Epidemiology: Vienna
• 1739: Vienna is the only city in Europe to be fully sewered within its city walls.
• Ignaz Semmelweis and Puerperal Fever25 • USUV26
Immunohistochemical staining for Usutu virus antigen in a Purkinje cell of the cerebellum of a song thrush that died of encephalitis. Original magnification ×400. Etymologia: Usutu Virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22(12):2228.
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