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  Clinically Male Infertility • Very basic topical questions remain unanswered • Quality semen assessments. (Carrell and De Jonge 2016). • Absence of robust sperm function testing assays (since 1951..). • ? Varicocele treatment (Hockenberry & Lipshultz 2016) • Antioxidant treatment ?A/O (Smits et al., 2019) • Let along size of health issue.....(Mehta et al., 2015) • No new robust diagnostics (e.g. DNA, more reviews than primary data) • Often inappropriate rush to diagnostic/treatment tools (Spencer et al., 2016) • Often ‘poor quality studies’ assessment from WHO panel. • Non non‐ART treatment for sperm dysfunction is absent ‐ effectively the woman is treated. • Surprising/paradox ‐ in view of ART industry ‐ ponder.    Key examples • UK Clinical Research Network. • Contraception.  74  PRECONGRESS COURSE 09 I VIENNA, AUSTRIA – 23 JUNE 2019 77    


































































































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