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Policy barriers to parenthood in India
• Surrogacy act 2016 (under discussion in one of the two chambers of the parliament)
• Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) (http://cara.nic.in/)
• Population control policies vs population welfare policies
• Advanced training in reproductive technologies only available in handful of publically funded institutions, major ART service providers are in private sector and mainly in large cities
Socio‐cultural barriers to ARTs
• Socio‐cultural strata roughly correspond with religion, education and economic class of the population
• Stigma of being parent through ARTs is less than in adoption due to invisibility
• Stigma much reduced in urban areas and in educated sections of the society, in professional
class, access to ARTs might now be seen as a social status suggesting financial affluence
• In rural and lower socio‐economic urban sections of the society, still some resistance regarding donor gamete and IVF. The women from this very section often become egg donors or surrogates for the urban and the rich.
• Women more open to egg donation especially if they gestate the pregnancy themselves
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