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Uncertainties with use of Testi-ICSI (genetic & epigenetic)
Higher aneuploidy rate in testicular sperm than ejaculated sperm by FISH using 3-5 chromosomes
Azoospermic men vs. infertile men and donors
5-20% (T) vs. 1-13% (E)
Infertile men with high SDF
Levron et al 2001; Palermo et al 2002 Rodrigo et al 2011; Vozdova et al 2012
• SDF: 14.9% (T) vs. 40.6% (E)
• Aneuploidy: 12.4% (T) vs. 3.7% (E)
Moskovtsev et al. 2012:
Esteves, 37
Lower aneuploidy rate in testicular sperm than ejaculated sperm by whole exome sequencing molecular karyotype
Cheung et al. 2019:
93 men (azoospermic, non-azoospermic with high SDF, fertile controls) FISH 9 chromosomes & NGS
FISH: 1.1% (T) vs. 3.6% (E) NGS: 1.5% (T) vs. 11.1% (E)
P<0.001
Testis
Ejaculate
NOA
5.1%
--
OA
6.7%
High SDF*
1.3%
8.4%
*SDF% (TUNEL) : 8% (T) vs 38% (E)
P=0.02 Cheung et al. PLOS One 2019
Esteves, 38
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