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Risk factors
Endorsed n/N (%)
1a. Structured list
Practices
FGM/C
13/24 (54.2)
Consanguinity
13/26 (50.0)
Water Pipe smoking
9/24 (37.5)
Reproductive factors
Bacterial vaginosis
12/27 (44.4)
HIV
22/29 (75.9)
Genital TB
32/33 (97.0)
Post-abortion infection
34/36 (94.4)
Post-partum infection
28/30 (93.3)
Repeated D&C
26/30 (86.7)
Cervical electrocautery
14/25 (56.0)
Medical Conditions
Diabetes
26/35 (74.3)
Kidney disease
22/32 (68.8)
SLE (lupus)
25/34 (73.5)
Sickle cell anaemia
16/32 (50.0)
Cancer
32/37 (86.5)
Cardiff Fertility Studies
1b. Participant generated list
Risk factors
Endorsed n/N (%)
Medical
Medications (pharmaceutical/psychotropic/traditional)
3/25 (12.0)
Male factor (e.g. cancer treatment)
6/25 (24.0)
Thyroid disease/treatment
7/25 (28.0)
Anaemia
1/25 (4.0)
Autoimmune diseases
1/25 (4.0)
Cushing’s syndrome
1/25 (4.0)
Chronic liver disease
1/25 (4.0)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
1/25 (4.0)
Reproductive
Adhesions/fibroids
2/25 (8.0)
Vaginitis
1/25 (4.0)
Dyspareunia
1/25 (4.0)
Pelvic tuberculosis
1/25 (4.0)
Pregnancy-related infection
1/25 (4.0)
Hyperprolactinemia
1/25 (4.0)
Lifestyle
Low vitamin D
1/25 (4.0)
Occupation/exposure
3/25 (12.0)
IUD
2/25 (4.0)
Extreme exercise
1/25 (4.0)
Undernutrition/anorexia
1/25 (4.0)
Vaginal lubricants
1/25 (4.0)
Cardiff Fertility Studies
A l 1/25(40)
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