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  Factors for low fertility and delayed parenthood in Japan
 • Globaltrends(Millsetal.,2011)
– Rise of effective contraception
– Increases in women’s education and labour market participation – Value changes
– Gender equity
– Partnership changes
– Housing conditions
– Economic uncertainty
– Absence of supportive family policies
+ Lack of knowledge about fertility + More people stay single
24
   More people remain single
  (years old) 34
   32
   30
   28
   26
   24
   22
   20
Mean age at first marriage and birth
(%) 25
20 15 10
5 0
Percentage who remain single at age 50 (Never married)
Women 14.1 (%)
25
 Men 23.4 (%)
 1980
1990
2000
2010
2014
2016
Mean age of men at first marriage Mean age of women at first marriage Mean age of men at first birth
Mean age of women at first birth
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