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Gestational surrogacy (%)
Autologous fresh IVF/ICSI (%)
Adjusted OR
Preterm birth (<37 weeks of gestation)
8.2
9.1
0.90 (0.56-1.42)
Low birth weight (<2500g)
8.2
9.3
0.90 (0.57-1.43)
High birth weight (>4000g)
16.4
9.0
1.94 (1.37-2.75)
Birth defects
1.2
2.5
N/A
Surrogacy (n = 103)
Autologous fresh (n = 249)
P value
Gestational age
38.8 ± 2.1
39.7 ± 1.4
< .001
Preterm birth
10.7
3.1
.01
Birth weight (g)
3,436 ± 696
3,541 ± 504
.03
Low birth weight
7.8
2.4
.02
Conclusion: ART procedures may potentially affect embryo quality and/or placentation, and the negative impact can not be overcome even with a healthy proven uterine environment.
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