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FROM AN EMBRYO PERSPECTIVE
Characteristic
Mouse
Cow
Human
Oocyte – Blastocyst diameter
70-100 μm
120-180 μm
120-180 μm
Volume of the zygote, metabolic reserves
5-8 times smaller than human
Similar to human
---
Cytoplasmic lipid content
Low
High
Moderate
Development to blastocyst
On day 4-5
On day 6-8
On day 5-6
Embryo genome activation
2-cell stage
8-16-cell stage
4-8 cell stage
Pyruvate/lactate vs glucose
Switches to glucose at 48h
No absolute need for glucose before hatching
No absolute need for glucose before hatching
Overall sensitivity in vitro
Low
High
High
Genome sequencing
Completed
Completed
Completed
Chromosomal abnormalities after in vitro culture
Low (40 chromosomes)
High (60 chromosomes
High (46 chromosomes)
Developmental anomalies after in vitro culture
May occur
Frequent
Very rare
Adapted from Vajta et al. 2010
19
FROM AN EMBRYO PERSPECTIVE
Santos et al. 2014
20
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