Page 76 - Eshre 2018

Experimental models presently used to differentiate male germ cells in vitro
• Organ cultures: 1) classical/interphase method; 2) microfluidic system 3) hanging drop
• Isolated SSCs : SSC isolation, in vitro propagation and in vitro differentiation exploiting organ cultures, co-cultures with somatic testicular cells and/or xenotransplantation
• In vitro generation of germ cells from pluripotent stem cells (ESCs, iPSCs)
• Organoid cultures : reaggregation of germ cells using natural/artificial 3D testis scaffolds
In vitro derivation of PGCLCs from mESCs/iPSCs
Cell 2011
• mESCs or miPSCs
• EpiLCs (epiblast like cells) in vitro
• PGCLCs
• Transplantation into seminiferous tubules of WT mouse • Full spermatogenesis
• Spermatozoa with full fertility
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